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1 bloc monétaire
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2 bloc
bloc [blɔk]masculine nouna. [de pierre, marbre, bois] blockb. [de papier] padf. ( = prison) (inf!) mettre qn au bloc to clap sb in jailg. (locutions)► à bloc• serrer or visser qch à bloc to screw sth up as tight as possible• fermer un robinet à bloc to turn a tap right off► en bloc [acheter, vendre] as a whole ; [refuser, nier] point-blank* * *blɔk
1.
nom masculin1) ( masse solide) block (de of)se retourner tout d'un bloc — to pivot round GB ou around US
2) ( de personnes) group (de of); Politique blocfaire bloc contre quelqu'un — ( s'unir) to unite against somebody; ( être unis) to be united against somebody
3) ( pour écrire) notepad4) (d'actions, de titres) block5) Informatique block
2.
à bloc locution adverbiale [serrer, visser, fermer] tightly; [charger, gonfler] fully
3.
en bloc locution adverbiale ( entièrement) outrightPhrasal Verbs:* * *blɔk nm1) [pierre] block2) [données] INFORMATIQUE block3) (de papier à lettres) pad4) (= ensemble) group, blocken bloc [rejeter, nier, condamner] — out of hand, outright, [adopter] wholesale
5) (bloc opératoire) operating block, theatre block Grande-Bretagnepasser au bloc (= se faire opérer) — to go under the knife
à bloc; serré à bloc — tightened right down
gonflé à bloc (pneus) — fully inflated, fig (= plein de confiance) pumped-up, full of confidence
* * *A nm1 ( masse solide) block (de of); statue faite d'un seul bloc ( en bois) statue made from a single piece of wood; ( en marbre) statue made from a single piece of marble; se retourner tout d'un bloc to pivot round GB ou around US;2 ( de personnes) group (de of); Pol bloc; le bloc socialiste the socialist bloc; faire bloc to side together; faire bloc avec qn to side with sb; faire bloc contre qn ( s'unir) to unite against sb; ( être unis) to be united against sb;3 ( pour écrire) notepad; bloc de papier à lettres writing pad;4 Fin (d'actions, de titres) block (de of);5 Ordinat block;6 ○( prison) nick○.C en bloc loc adv1 ( entièrement) admettre/rejeter/nier qch en bloc to admit/reject/deny sth outright;2 Comm acheter en bloc to buy in bulk.bloc de contrôle controllingGB block; bloc de départ starting block; bloc monétaire monetary block; bloc opératoire surgical unit; bloc optique Aut headlamp GB ou headlight unit; bloc sanitaire toilet block; bloc de touches Ordinat keypool.[blɔk] nom masculina. [en un seul morceau] to be made of a single blockb. [trapu] to be stockily builtc. [direct] to be simple and straightforwardd. [inflexible] to be unyielding2. [de papier] padbloc de bureau/papier desk/writing pad3. INFORMATIQUE4. [installation]a. [salle] operating theatreb. [locaux] surgical unit5. [maisons] block6. [ensemble] blocka. [sociétés] to form a groupingb. [amis, alliés] to stand togetherc. [composants] to form a single wholefaire bloc avec/contre quelqu'un to stand (together) with/against somebodyle bloc des pays de l'Ouest ou occidental the Western Alliance7. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCE————————à bloc locution adverbialene le provoque pas, il est remonté à bloc! leave him alone, he's already wound up!————————en bloc locution adverbialej'ai tout rejeté en bloc I rejected it lock, stock and barrel, I rejected the whole thing -
3 Währungsblock
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4 Währungsblock
Währungsblock m WIWI block, monetary bloc* * *m <Vw> block, monetary bloc* * *Währungsblock
currency bloc -
5 Währungsabkommen
Währungsabkommen n WIWI exchange rate agreement, ERA* * *n <Vw> exchange rate agreement (ERA)* * *Währungsabkommen
monetary (currency) agreement, monetary convention;
• Washingtoner Währungsabkommen Smithsonian Agreement (Br.);
• Währungsabstände monetary gaps;
• Währungsabteilung foreign exchange department;
• Währungsabwertung currency (exchange) depreciation, depreciation of currency, devaluation;
• Währungsanarchie monetary anarchy;
• Währungsänderung currency change-over;
• Währungsangaben monetary references;
• Währungsangleichung currency adjustment, adjustment of currencies;
• Währungsanleihe [foreign] currency loan;
• Währungsaufruhr monetary turmoil;
• Währungsaufwertung appreciation of a currency, currency revaluation (appreciation), exchange appreciation;
• Währungsausgleich equation of exchange (currency), exchange (quantity) equation;
• Währungsausgleichsfonds Exchange Equalization Fund (US), Exchange Equalization Account (Br.);
• Währungsausgleichszollzuschlag exchange compensation duty;
• Währungsausschuss monetary committee, national monetary commission;
• beratender Währungsausschuss (EU) Monetary Committee with advisory status;
• Währungsausweitung currency expansion;
• Währungsbank bank of issue;
• Währungsbehörden monetary (financial) authorities;
• Währungsbeirat monetary council;
• Währungsbereich currency (monetary) area;
• Währungsbeschränkungen currency (monetary) restrictions;
• Währungsbestände eines Devisenausländers non-resident sterling (Br.);
• Währungsbestimmungen currency (monetary) regulations;
• Währungsbeziehungen exchange arrangements;
• Währungsblock currency bloc;
• Währungsbuchführung multi-currency accounting;
• Währungsbuchhaltung currency accounting;
• Währungschaos monetary chaos;
• Währungscode currency (monetary) code;
• Währungsdeckung backing of notes;
• Währungsdisparitäten currency disparities;
• Währungsdisziplin monetary discipline;
• Währungsdumping currency dumping;
• Währungsdurcheinander monetary mess;
• Währungseinflüsse monetary influences;
• parallele Währungseingabe dual currency input;
• Währungseinheit monetary unit (standard), primary money;
• ausländische Währungseinheit foreign-currency unit;
• Währungsentwertung currency depreciation;
• Währungsexperte, Währungsfachmann currency economist;
• Währungsflucht currency evasion;
• Internationaler Währungsfonds (IMF) International Monetary Fund (IWF);
• Währungsfragen questions of currency, currency problems (questions);
• Währungsgarantie exchange risk guarantee;
• Währungsgebiet currency (monetary) area, monetary scene;
• Währungsgefährdung jeopardizing of currency;
• Währungsgeld standard money;
• Währungsgesetz currency law;
• Währungsgesetzgebung currency legislation;
• Währungsgesundung currency reform;
• Währungsgewinn exchange profit, monetary (currency) gain;
• nicht realisierte Währungsgewinne unrealized translation gains;
• Währungsgold stock of monetary gold;
• Währungsguthaben foreign currency balance, reserve assets, deposits of currency;
• Währungshoheit monetary sovereignty;
• Währungshüter monetary official;
• Währungshypothek mortgage on the currency;
• Währungsinflation monetary inflation;
• Währungsinstanzen monetary authorities;
• Europäisches Währungsinstitut European Monetary Institute;
• Währungsintegration monetary integration;
• Währungskapazitäten monetary leaders;
• Währungskatastrophe monetary disaster;
• Währungsklausel currency (exchange, standard) clause;
• Währungskommission monetary commission;
• Währungskompetenz monetary competence (US);
• Währungskonferenz monetary conference;
• Währungskontext monetary context;
• Währungskonto foreign-exchange account;
• Währungskontrolle controlled currency;
• Währungskonvergenz monetary convergence;
• Währungskonvertibilität convertibility of currency;
• uneingeschränkte Währungskonvertibilität unlimited currency convertibility;
• Währungskorb basket unit of account (currencies);
• Währungskredit foreign currency loan;
• Währungskrise monetary (currency) crisis, crisis in the money market;
• feste Währungskurse pegged exchange rates;
• Währungslage monetary situation;
• Währungsmacht (EU) monetary power;
• Währungsmanipulation, Währungsmanöver currency manipulation;
• Währungsmaßnahmen monetary measures;
• Währungsmechanismus monetary system;
• Währungsneuordnung monetary (currency) reform;
• Währungsoption currency option;
• Währungsorgan monetary body;
• Währungspanik money panic;
• Währungsparität equivalence of exchange, par value (parity) of a currency;
• seine Währungsparität langsam ändern to crawl one’s parity;
• Währungsparität neu festsetzen to re-establish the parity;
• Währungspolitik currency (monetary) policy;
• deflatorische Währungspolitik deflationary policy. -
6 политика политик·а
(политическая деятельность, курс) policy; (политические события) politicsвырабатывать политику — to make / elaborate policy
заниматься политикой — to deal in / to be engaged in politics, to politicize
критиковать чью-л. политику — to assault / to criticize smb.'s policy
навязать стране какую-л. политику — to force / to impose a policy on a country
одобрять чью-л. политику — to approve / to endorse a policy
оправдывать свою политику — to justify / to validate one's policy
определять политику — to shape / to determine the policy
осуждать чью-л политику — to condemn smb.'s policy
отказаться от проводимой политики — to abandon / to give up / to drop the policy
очернить чью-л. политику — to denigrate smb.'s policy
пересмотреть свою политику — to re-examine / to review / to revise one's policy
поддерживать политику — to uphold / to support a policy
проводить политику — to carry on / to conduct / to follow / to pursue a policy
смягчить политику в отношении какой-л. страны — to moderate a policy toward a country
стать приверженцем какой-л. политики — to commit oneself to a policy
авантюристическая политика — policy of adventure, adventurist(ic) policy
аграрная политика — agrarian / farm policy
агрессивная политика, политика агрессии — policy of aggression, aggressive policy
аннексионистская политика, политика аннексий — policy of annexation, annexationist policy
близорукая / недальновидная политика — shallow / short-sighted policy
"большая политика" — "big politics"
внешняя политика — foreign / external / exterior policy / politics
выступать против чьей-л. внешней политики — to attack smb.'s foreign / policy
дискредитировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to discredit smb.'s foreign policy
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adopt one's foreign policy to smth.
клеветать на чью-л. внешнюю политику — to libel smb.'s foreign policy
неправильно понимать / интерпретировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to misunderstand smb.'s foreign policy
пересмотреть предпосылки (своей) внешней политики — to re-examine the premises of one's foreign policy
скрывать истинный характер (своей) внешней политики — to disguise the true nature of one's foreign policy
главный / центральный вопрос внешней политики — core of foreign policy
изменения / сдвиги во внешней политике — shifts in foreign policy
определяющий / решающий фактор внешней политики — key determinant factor of foreign policy
цели (и задачи) внешней политики — objectives of foreign policy, foreign policy objectives
внутренняя политика — domestic / internal / home policy / politics
воинственная политика — fighting / belligerent policy
выжидательная политика — wait-and-see / temporizing / expectant / Fabian policy, waiting game
дальновидная политика — forward-looking / far-sighted policy
денежно-кредитная / монетарная политика — monetary policy
эффективность денежно-кредитной политики — effectiveness / strength of monetary policy
захватническая политика — annexationist / expansionist policy
кадровая политика — cadres / personnel policy
капитулянтская политика — defeatist policy, policy of defeat / capitulation
классовая политика — class / class-motivated policy
кредитная политика — credit control, lending / credit / crediting policy
международная политика — international policy / politics
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adapt international policy to smth.
радикально изменить внешнюю политику — radically to change / to reverse international policy
мирная политика, политика мира — policy of peace
мировая политика — world politics / policy
миролюбивая политика — peace / peaceable / peaceful policy
придерживаться миролюбивой политики — to abide by / to adhere to a peaceful policy
надклассовая политика — aboveclass policy, policy independent of class
налоговая политика — fiscal / tax / taxation policy
наступательная политика — vigorous / active policy
независимая политика — policy of go-it-alone, independent policy
нереальная / оторванная от жизни политика — unrealistic politics
последовательная политика — coherent / consistent policy
расистская иммиграционная политика — racist / racial immigration policy, racist policy on immigration
реваншистская политика — revenge-seeking / revanchist policy
согласованная политика — coordinated / agreed policy
соглашательская политика — policy of class collaboration / conciliation / compromise
тонкая политика — subtle policy; kid-glove policy амер. разг.
торговая политика — trade / commercial policy
трезвая политика — sober / sound policy
умеренная политика — middle-of-the-road / moderate policy
финансово-бюджетная / фискальная политика — fiscal policy
в фарватере чьей-л. политики — in the wake of smb.'s policy
политика балансирования на грани войны — brink-of-war policy; policy of brinkmanship амер.
политика "большой дубинки" (политика открытого вмешательства США во внутренние дела латиноамериканских стран до 1933 г.) — Big Stick policy
политика булавочных / мелких уколов — policy of pin-pricks
политика, ведущая к инфляции — inflationary policy
политика взаимных уступок — give-and-take policy, policy of accommodation
"политика выкручивания рук" — arm-twisting policy, policy of arm-twisting
политика государства, направленная на усиление своего господства — power politics
политика дальнего прицела — far-reaching / range policy
"политика дефляции" — "deflation policy"
"политика доброго соседа" (политика США в отношении стран Латинской Америки, провозглашённая президентом Ф.Д. Рузвельтом, 1933-45 гг.) — "good-neighbour policy"
"политика завинчивания гаек" по отношению к кому-л. — "policy of tightening the screws" on smb.
политика "замораживания" (приостановки роста доходов) — incomes standstill policy
политика запугивания — policy of intimidation / deterrence
политика затыкания рта парл. разг. — gag law (rule)
политика корректирования / приспособления — adjustment policy
политика мира — policy of peace, peace policy
"политика монетаризма" — monetarist policy
"политика наведения мостов" — policy of bridge-building
политика, направленная на стимулирование экономического роста — expansionary policy
политика невмешательства — policy of noninterference, let alone / hands-off policy
"политика открытых дверей" ("равных возможностей" капиталовложений в определённых странах) — open-door policy
"политика открытого неба" — open-skies policy
"политика плаща и кинжала" — cloak and dagger policy
политика, построенная на заблуждениях — policy built on delusions
политика, проводимая в пользу одной партии — partisan politics / policy
политика с позиции силы — position-of-strength policy, policy of force
политика сдерживания роста заработной платы — wage-freeze policy, политика сильной руки machismo исп.
"политика увязок" — policy of linkage
политика холодной войны — cold war politics / policy
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7 gesamt
gesamt adj 1. GEN all-in, all-inclusive, all-out, overall, oa, whole; 2. RW gross; 3. WIWI aggregate • im gesamten Euro-Raum geltend BANK, WIWI monetary-union-wide, euro-area-wide (EZB)* * *adj 1. < Geschäft> all-in, all-inclusive, all-out, overall (oa), whole; 2. < Rechnung> gross; 3. <Vw> aggregate ■ im gesamten Euro-Raum geltend <Bank, Vw> EZB monetary-union-wide, euro-area-wide* * *gesamt
all, whole, aggregate, entire, collective, general, overall, overhead, blanket (US), total, all-in-all, all-out (US coll.), en bloc;
• gesamte Bevölkerung whole country, entire (total) population;
• gesamtes Einfuhrkontingent overall import quota;
• zur gesamten Hand jointly, in common;
• gesamte Handelsbilanz overall trade balance;
• gesamter Industriequerschnitt all-industry average;
• gesamten Markt erfassen to blanket the entire market;
• gesamtes Nettoeinkommen total net income. -
8 European Union
(EU)In 1978, Portugal began accession negotiations with the EU. In January 1986, along with Spain, Portugal joined that organization. Since joining the EU, Portugal's economy has received many benefits: loans, grants, technical assistance, and other economic, social, and educational advantages that are worth billions of dollars. Most of Portugal's trade is with EU members, and Portugal's economy is tied now to EU plans and planning, standards and rules, and philosophy. Starting in January 1993, by previous agreement, all EU tariff barriers for many goods (excluding agricultural goods until 1995-96, in Portugal's case) were removed, and there is concern in Portugal that many small and medium-sized businesses (which are the norm) will not survive the new competition from richer member state. Next to Greece, Portugal remains the poorest, least-developed EU member state, and there is anxiety in Lisbon that, following new pressures for the EU to give massive assistance to former Soviet bloc countries in Eastern Europe and to allow them in time to join the EU, Portugal will be at a disadvantage. Despite complaints about the bureaucracy inherent in the EU, many Portuguese value the connection and acknowledge that Portugal has benefited from EU technical assistance, networking, loans, and grants. In 1999, Portugal joined the European Monetary Union (EMU) and, in January 2000, adopted the euro. This has helped Portugal stabilize its currency and financial connections. In 2004, José Durão Barroso, a Portuguese politician, was elected President of the Commission of the European Union.
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